Interactive Diagrams

X-Ray Production

Electron Interactions: How X-Rays Are Made

Follow one electron from the cathode to the anode and watch it become an x-ray.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Wavelength, Frequency and Photon Energy

Compare any two bands of the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength, frequency and photon energy, then practice putting all six bands in order.

X-Ray Production

X-Ray Emission Spectrum

Adjust kVp, mAs, and filtration to watch the bremsstrahlung curve and characteristic peaks shift in real time.

Interactions with Matter

Inside the Patient: What Happens to Each X-Ray

Study each photon interaction the beam can have inside the patient, one step at a time.

Interactions with Matter

Photon Interactions with Matter

Compare photoelectric, Compton, and coherent interactions to see which dominates at each energy and how it affects dose and contrast.

Radiation Biology

Radiation Inside the Cell: Direct and Indirect Action, LET and RBE

Watch radiation damage DNA directly and through free radicals from ionized water, then compare sparse and dense tracks and how RBE rises with LET.

Radiation Biology

Radiosensitivity by Age and in Utero: The Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau

Follow radiosensitivity from the embryo to old age, then sweep through pregnancy to see which effect each gestational stage risks.

Radiation Protection

Fluoro Room Exposure Map

Compare primary, scatter, and leakage radiation as you toggle the protective curtain around the fluoro table.

Radiation Protection

Inverse Square Law

Drag the distance to watch beam intensity fall away and see the math behind distance as a protection tool.