Interactive Diagrams

X-Ray Generator

Electrical / X-ray Circuit

Follow voltage through the x-ray circuit from the autotransformer to the rectifiers.

X-Ray Tube

X-Ray Tube Construction

Label every part of an x-ray tube, then fire an exposure from filament to X-ray beam.

kVp and Contrast

Beam Attenuation: kVp and Subject Contrast

Adjust the kVp to see how many x-rays are absorbed, scattered, or transmitted through soft tissue and bone, and how subject contrast changes.

Image Quality

Beam Geometry: SID, OID & Image Quality

Study how magnification and focal-spot blur change as you move the tube and the part.

Image Quality

Shape Distortion: Elongation & Foreshortening

Compare five CR, part, and receptor arrangements to see how each one distorts the image.

Automatic Exposure Control

AEC: What the Cell Sees

Study how the tissue covering the active AEC cell determines your exposure time.

Grids

Grid Ratio & Grid Cutoff

Study different grid errors and their corresponding negative effects on image receptor exposure.

Digital Imaging

CR & DR Image Receptors

Look inside the PSP plate and the flat panel to compare direct and indirect conversion, layer by layer.

Digital Imaging

From Exposure to Display: Histogram, Rescaling, DI and Windowing

Change the exposure to see rescaling move the histogram and the deviation index report it, then adjust window level and width on the display.

Fluoroscopy

Image Intensifier

Follow the signal from input phosphor to output phosphor to see where brightness gain comes from.